Other Treatments
Chemotherapy
CHEMOTHERAPY
Anyone facing chemo should put aside the notion that it's hell-on-earth. We all know that it can be pretty rugged and the word itself, chemo, strikes fear into the heart of most of us, but it's "not your father's chemo". Newer drugs and ways of managing side-effects make it much more bearable than it used to be.
The use of chemical agents to destroy cancerous cells and tissue. www.chemotherapy.com
Chemotherapy may be given in many ways:
- Injection: The chemotherapy is given by a shot in a muscle in your arm, thigh, or hip or right under the skin in the fatty part of your arm, leg, or belly.
- Intra-arterial
(IA): The chemotherapy goes directly into the artery that is feeding
the cancer.
- Intravenous IV The chemotherapy goes directly into a vein.
- Topically: The chemotherapy comes in a cream that you rub onto your skin.
- Orally: The chemotherapy comes
in pills, capsules, or liquids that you swallow.
Chemotherapy medications commonly used to treat head and neck cancer:
- 5
Fluorouracil An antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the
nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Fluorouracil and its
metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo,
fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine
monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA and
inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active
metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits
thymidylate synthase, resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate
(TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the in vivo synthesis of
DNA. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA;
incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and
functions.
- Carboplatinum A second-generation platinum compound with a broad spectrum of
antineoplastic properties. Carboplatin contains a platinum atom complexed with
two ammonia groups and a cyclobutane-dicarboxyl residue. This agent is activated
intracellularly to form reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic
groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, thereby inducing intrastrand and
interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These
carboplatin-induced DNA and protein effects result in apoptosis and cell growth
inhibition. This agent possesses tumoricidal activity similar to that of its
parent compound, cisplatin, but is more stable and less toxic.
-
Cisplatinum An inorganic platinum agent (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum)
with antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum
complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA,
inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein
cross-links. These cross-links result in apoptosis and cell growth
inhibition.
- Erbitux: A
monoclonal antibody used to treat certain types of head and neck cancer, and
colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It is also being
studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are
made in the laboratory and can locate and bind to cancer cells. Erbitux binds to
the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is found on the surface of
some types of cancer cells. Also called cetuximab.
- Paclitaxel A compound
extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic
activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of
microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent
also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis
inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2).
For those of you dealing with chemo, the following are some other excellent Internet sources that you might find useful:
Patient Resources Magazine has some good information on tracking Chemo drugs. It also includes links to phone apps that will help you keep track.
https://www.patientresource.com/Medication_Adherence_Practical_Tips.aspx?utm_
source=010319&utm_campaign=010319&utm_medium=email
CANCER.GOV: CLINICAL TRIALS
There are essentially four kinds of clinical trials in cancer research, and each one serves a specific purpose. Find out how clinical trials are conducted, where they are being conducted, who is eligible to participate in them, and the latest results from ongoing trials.
CHEMOTHERAPY DRUG LIST
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs
Which drugs are used in chemotherapy depends on what cancer is treated. The information here is a list of older and newer drugs, plus some new drugs that are alternatives to chemotherapy. You can find information on the drugs' use and potential side effects.
ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
http://www.cancerguide.org/adjuvant.html
Adjuvant chemotherapy is the use of drugs as additional treatment for patients with cancers that are thought to have spread beyond their original sites. Written so the average person can grasp the concept, this page also has some charts that might help with a better understanding of this approach.
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapy agents can be divided into three main categories based on how they attempt to slow and halt the growth and spread of a neoplasm. That is why they are also called "antineoplastic agents."
ONCOLOGY CHANNEL: CHEMOTHERAPY
http://www.oncologychannel.com/chemotherapy
Since chemotherapy treatments can wreak havoc on the body, it makes sense that there are treatments to deal with the side effects. Here you can learn more about the various options that are available.
CANCERLINKSUSA
http://www.thecancer.info/chemo
You'll find links to numerous chemotherapy sites, plus a selection of articles on specific topics including side effects and complications. A message board has questions and answers that might relate to something you'd like to know.
RINSES
For Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy. See suggestions under radiation.
IMMUNOTHERAPY
My chemo oncologist (not sure that's the right title) did not go into detail.
His opinion was that my immune system was what was keeping the cancer at
bay, not manifesting itself in other cells. Beyond my understanding. He just
stated that boosting my immune system might help.
I found this on the web:
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses your body's own immune system to help
fight cancer. Get information about the different types of immunotherapy and
the types of cancer they are used to treat.
The following links will help provide more information on immunotherapy:
http://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-immunotherapy
Scott Sysum
Lary Aug 2008
Concord, CA
From Our Members
PORT-A-CATH® Implantable Venous Access Systems
I am doing chemo now with a Portacathe. I had one installed before my first cancer surgery (colon cancer) for the pre-op chemo and used it again for post-op chemo. Then it was removed.
Five years later I had a metastatic cancer and again with the portacathe and chemo. Now this year another met and a new port and chemo. If they stay in you they have to be flushed every month or so and we always hope this time will be the last and I wont need it anymore anyway.
I get the initial infusion at the oncologist and go home with a fanny pack of chemo that drips in, this time for 42 hours and then go back and they unplug and flush. The first time around I wore the pack steadily for weeks, as I remember, so either they have improved the protocol or each time is different. It saves hours of sitting there with the arm infusion and this is definitely the way to go if you can.
Removing it is even easier than installing it. A quick procedure with a minimum of local anesthesia. Good luck with it.
Barb Stratton
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